| DM requirements | 1-3% of BW (2.5%) |
|---|---|
| Energy requirements | Expression DE |
| 500 kg horse = 70 MJ → → → (0.14MJ x BW) | |
| Ca, and P requirements | Ca:P = 1,5-2 : 1 g/kg |
| Water requirements | 5L/100 kg ———> 500kg horse = 25L (40-60ml/kg BW) |
| • Lactating horse → 12-14L/100 kg —>500kg horse 65L | |
| (NOT A STATIC NUMBER → varies depedning on feed, exercise etc) | |
| BCS | Henekke system: 1-9 |
| • Maintenance: 4-6, | |
| • Pleasure: 5-6, | |
| • Racing: 4-5 | |
| **Forage : Concentrate ratio (**this is old strategy) | Light working horses = 65:35 |
| Moderate work horses = 50:50 | |
| Heavy work horses = 35:65 (race horses need almost double of maintenance) | |
| Minimal daily hay requirement | 2% of BW, 10 kg |
| Feed supplementation | FA supplementation : |
◦ Corn oil → omega 6
◦ Linseed oil → Omega 3
◦ Race horses are often given this due to their high energy needs
Rice bran: High fat content → good energy source → used instead or with corn oil
Hay cubes → High in fiber ◦ Perfect for older horses with dental problems → soak them in water and feed as soup
Haylage → High in moisture… downside is once opened bag must be used or risk of contamination occurs
Sugar beet pulp (unmolassed) → Good digestible soluble fiber souce, good in case of dysbiosis or malnutriton
Balancer → Good for horses in traning with high protein demand (CP 25%)
Stud balancer → has even more protein → CP 32% + omega 3,6 & vitamins |
Maintenance req greatly depends on the horses physiological status:
Lactation > pregnant/growing > maintenance
DM intake
Horses DM should be 1-3% of BW , but varies between season, individual and diet !
Type of feed influences DMI : Fresh grass > alfalfa > grass hay > cereal straw:
Horses also have a weak feedback mechanism for glucose and VFA meaning energy doesnt regulate very well leading to OBESITY
5L/100 kg ———> 500kg horse = 25L (40-60ml/kg BW)
Lactating horse needs 12-14L per 100 kg BW —>500kg horse 65L
(NOT A STATIC NUMBER → varies depedning on feed, exercise etc)
ex. High protein diet needs higher water intake
or
High grass diet (high in moistrure) → less need for water
CP : 16%
DE: 70 MJ , 1-3% of BW (2.5% she said) (ponies 5%)
CF: 18%
Protein req of horses:
Energy req of horses:
Fiber requirements of horses:
Fat requirements of horses:
Mineral requirements:
Vitamins:
| Vit-A (b-carotene) | ◦ After 6 months storage of HAY you can generally say its low in Vit-A (bleached) ◦ deficiency: decreased ⬇️fertility, growth and less resistant to infections ◦ excessive supply: alopecia, ataxia, lameness | | --- | --- | | Vit-D | ◦ more than 4 hrs/day on sun + sun dried hay ◦ excessive supply: calcinosis | | Vit-E | ◦ Heavy exercise: supplied; deficiency: EMND, EDM (neuromsucular, neural) ◦ grazing 6 months ok but long storgae or fat in diet 5%< | | Vit-C | ◦ No need except for stress: transport, heavy exercise, weaning, resp./neurolog. diseases | | Vit-K & B | ◦ no need, synthetised in hindgut |